Honors World
Section 1 Assessment, p. 10
1) Vocabulary
A) Prehistory
B) Historian
C) Artifact
D) Anthropology
E) Culture
F) Archaeology
G) Mary Leakey
H) Louis Leakey
I) Olduvai Gorge
J) Technology
K) Donald Johanson
2) What have scholars learned about the
ancestors of humans, and how have they done so?
Anthropologists have identified four
groups of hominids. The earliest, a
australopithecines, may have lived as early as 7 million years ago in
Africa. Later, Homo erectus and Homo
sapiens spread out of Africa. Today,
humans are the only living hominids.
Anthropologists have learned this through bone and artifact evidence.
3) What types of obstacles do historians
have to overcome to give a straightforward account of events? How do you think they might do this?
Historians should be careful to look
for their own biased viewpoints and weed them out of their work.
4) In what ways do archaeologists work
with new technologies and other scholars in their work?
Computers to store and sort data and
to develop site maps; aerial photographs to see the layout fo the land;
radioactivity to measure the age of objects; work with other scholars to
determine ancestors’ diets and the climates they lived in
5) Describe the story that
anthropologists think the bones and tools they have discovered reveal about
prehistory:
Different groups of hominids emerged
at different times in prehistory.
Honors
World
Section
2, p. 15
1)
Key Terms:
A) Old
Stone Age – the era of prehistory that lasted from 2 million BCE to about 9000 BCE
B) Paleolithic
Period – the era of prehistory that lasted from at least 2 million BCE to about
9000 BCE; also called the Old Stone Age
C) New
Stone Age – the final era of prehistory, which began about 9000 BCE; also
called Neolithic Period
D)Neolithic Period – the final
era of prehistory, which began about 9000 BCE; also called the New Stone Age
E) Nomad –
a person who moves from place to place in search of food
F) Animism
– the belief that spirits and forces live within animals, objects, or dreams
G) Neolithic
Revolution – the period of time during which the introduction of agriculture
led people to transition from nomadic to settled life
H)
Domesticate -
to tame animals and adapt crops so they are best suited to use by humans
I)
Catalhuyuk – one of the world’s first villages,
establish in modern day Turkey around 7,000 BCE
J)
Jericho – the world’s first village, established
in the modern-day West Bank between 10,000 and 9,000 BCE
2) How was
the introduction of agriculture a turning point in prehistory?
It
allowed people to settle permanently for the first time, which eventually led
to new ways of life, new innovations, and the emergence of cities and
civilizations.
3) How do
you think development t of spoken language influenced people’s development of
skills and religious beliefs?
Because
people could communicate with one another, knowledge of skills and religious
beliefs could spread more quickly.
4) How are
our lives today affected by the Neolithic Revolution that occurred 11,000 years
ago?
The
complex world full of many cities and civilizations in which we live today
might not have developed if not for the Neolithic Revolution.
5)
How was settled village life different from
nomadic life? Consider population size,
social status, and technology in your answer.
With
the development of villages, larger numbers of people lived together. Social status changed as men came to dominate
many aspects of life. New technologies,
such as weaving and pottery developed as needs changed.
Honors World History
Section 3 Assessment p. 23
1) Vocabulary
A) Surplus – an amount that is more than
needed, excess
B) Traditional economy – economies that
rely on habit, custom, or ritual and tend not to change over time
C) Civilization – a complex, highly
organized social order
D) Steppe – sparse, dry, treeless
grassland
E) Polytheistic – believing in many gods
F) Artisan – a skilled craftsperson
G) Pictograph – a simple drawing that
looks like the object it represents
H) Scribe – in ancient civilizations, a
person specially trained to read, write, and keep records
I) Cultural diffusion – the spread of
ideas, customs, and technologies from one people to another
J) City-state – a political unit that
includes a city and its surrounding lands and villages
K) Empire – a group or states or
territories controlled by one ruler
2) How did the world’s first
civilizations arise and develop?
The world’s first civilizations arose
as people began to produce food surpluses, which allowed villages and then
cities to develop. Civilizations
developed further as organized governments coordinated large scale projects
that benefited the people. In addition,
job specialization and writing allowed for the expansion of learning and
innovation.
3) How were the conditions under which
early civilizations developed in Asia and Africa different from those of the
Americas?
In Asia and Africa, civilizations
developed along rivers. In the Americas,
they developed both in highlands and in swamps.
4)
In early civilizations, how did religion influence government and social
classes? Religion influenced government in that priests often held great power
in government. Religion influenced
social classes in that priests were usually at the top of an increasingly
hierarchical society.
5) (a) Give three examples of cultural
change in early civilizations. (b) Give
two examples of cultural diffusion today.
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