HWH - Leaders and Conflict Chart

Athens Study Guide

Part 1

 

Major Conflicts in Ancient Greece

 

Conflict	Participants	Reason	Victor
Trojan War	Mycenae and Troy	Economic Rivalry	Mycenaeans
Persian War	Greek city-states and Persia	Halt the spread of the Persian Empire	Greek city-state
Peloponnesian War	Athens and Sparta (spread to all of Greece)	Resentment of Athenians domination and disagreement on form of government	Sparta and allies

 

Key Political Leaders

Leader	Accomplishments
Solon	Introduced reforms making the government more democratic and the economy more profitable
Pisistratus	Athenian tyrant who gave poor citizens a voice in government and weakened the aristocracy
Cleisthenes	Athenian leader who created the Council of 500 and made the assembly a legislature
Pericles	Athenian statesman who instituted direct democracy in Athens, increased participation in  government, provided salaries for government employees, and encouraged the cultural development of Athens
Philip II	Macedonian king who conquered the Greeks
Alexander the Great	Macedonian king who conquered an empire stretching from Greece to India and encouraged the spread of Greek culture throughout his empire

 

Important Cultural Figures of Greece

Individual	Achievement
Philosophy
Socrates	Sought truth and self-knowledge; Socratic Method
Plato	Favored the rule of a philosopher-king; wrote The Republic
Aristotle	Promoted the idea of the golden mean; wrote Politics
Zeno	Founder of Stoicism
Literature
Homer	Poet; wrote Iliad and the Odyssey
Aeschylus	Tragic playwright; wrote Oresteia
Sophocles	Tragic playwright; wrote Antigone
Euripides	Tragic playwright; wrote The Trojan Women
Aristophanes	Comic playwright; wrote Lysistrata
History
Herodotus	Historian; encouraged  research in histories; wrote The Persian Wars
Thucydides	Historian; promoted unbiased writing of histories
Mathematics and Science
Pythagoras	Developed the formula for the relationship among the sides of a right triangle known as the Pythagorean theorem
Euclid	Developed the basics for modern geometry; write The Elements
Aristarchus	Theorized that the solar system is heliocentric
Eratosthenes	Determined that the Earth is round and calculated its circumference
Archimedes	Mastered the lever and pulley
Hippocrates	Developed a code of ethics for medical practitioners