Section
1 Assessment, p. 117
1) Key Terms
2) How did the Minoans and Mycenaeans
shape early Greek civilizations?
Early Aegean peoples had
absorbed ideas from and adapted other cultures; they were sea traders; they
were ruled by kings; they worshipped many gods.
These traits formed a basis for early Greek civilization.
3) How did trade contribute to the
development of the Minoan and Mycenaean cultures?
Sea trade meant that they
traveled widely and acquired ideas and technology that they could adapt to
their own societies.
4) What values of the ancient Greeks are
found in the poems of Homer?
They illustrate ancient
Greek values such as honor, courage, and eloquence.
5) Do you think the epics of Homer are a
reliable source of information about the history of the ancient Greeks? Why or why not?
The epics are probably not reliable
in that they were passed on orally before they were written down, and many have
changed. However, it is likely that the
stories hold some truth and can provide details on ancient Aegean
civilizations.
Focus
Questions (1-10)
1) Where and when did each civilization
flourish?
A) Minoan – Island of Crete, from 1600
BCE to 1500 BCE
B) Mycenaean – Crete and the mainland
from 1400 BCE to 1200 BCE
2) Why might these two civilizations be
important to study of Ancient Greece?
They were the forerunners of ancient
Greece, lived in the same area, and influenced later Greek society.
3) What were the topics of the Iliad and the Odyssey and who wrote them?
The Iliad tells the story of the
Trojan War; the Odysseus’ tells of Odysseus’ long voyage home after the war;
both may have been the work of many people, thought they are attributed to
Homer, a blind poet.
4) What might people today learn about
the ancient Greeks form these epic poems?
We can get hints about daily life,
ancient warfare, religious beliefs, and the values of the ancient Greeks.
5) What effect did the mountains and
water have on Greek city-states?
Greeks were cut off from each other,
developed their own systems of government, and fought frequently. Access to
water helped Greeks become skilled sailors and traders.
6) Who governed Sparta and what
responsibilities did citizens have?
The Spartan government consisted of
two kings and a council of elders who advised the kings as well as an assembly
of citizens- male, non-slave, native-born Spartans – who approved major
decisions. Male citizens trained from childhood for war; female citizens
trained to produce healthy sons and sometimes to run the family estates.
7) What do you think daily life in
military Sparta was like?
Daily life was highly disciplined and
difficult, with little or no time for personal freedom, interests, leisure, or
intellectual pursuits.
8) What reforms did Solon make to the
aristocracy of Athens?
He outlawed debt slavery, freed those
enslaved for debt, opened high offices to more citizens, granted citizenship to
some foreigners, gave the assembly more say, and encouraged exports.
9) Why is the democracy of ancient
Athens considered a “limited” one?
Though citizens had broad rights, few
Athenians were actually citizens. Women and salves were excluded from
citizenship and thus any say in government, since only males could be
citizens. Such a version of democracy
was hardly representative of the population it ruled.
10)
Whom
did the Greeks worship and how did they practice their religion?
Greeks worshipped many gods, of whom
they believed Zeus to be most powerful. Greeks built temples; held festivals
with processions, sacrifices, drama, and athletics; and consulted with oracles
Vocabulary
(1-6)
1) Knossos – an ancient Minoan city on
the island of Crete
2) Shrine – altar, chapel, or other
sacred place
3) Fresco – colorful painting completed
on wet plaster
4) Trojan War – in Greek epic poems and
myths, a ten-year war between Mycenae and the city of Troy in Asia Minor
5) Strait – narrow water passage
6) Homer – blind bard; given credit for
the Iliad and Odyssey
7) Polis – city-state in ancient Greece
8) Acropolis – highest and most fortified
point within a Greek city-state
9) Citizen – a native or resident of a
town or city
10)
Monarchy
– government in which a king or queen exercises central power
Section 2 Assessment, p. 123
1)
Key
Terms
2)
How
did government and culture develop as Greek city-states grew?
Governments in Greek city-states
developed from monarchies to aristocracies to oligarchies, and in some cases
democracies. Despite the differences
between city-states, Greek language and religion developed along shared line.
3)
How
did geography influence the development of Greece?
The coastline provided ancient Greece
with an excellent opportunity for sea trade.
The rugged mountains and islands encouraged independence.
4)
Why
do you think the three different forms of government evolved over time?
Changes in the distribution of wealth
caused difference groups to demand power, leading to three difference types of
government.
5)
(a)
In what ways was Athenian democracy limited? (b) Despite such limits, Athens is
still admired as an early model of democracy.
Why do you think this is the case?
(a) Only men were citizens, omitting
women and slaves. (b) Students might
suggest that self-rule, which leads to increased rights for more people, is
always admirable.
Focus Questions (11-20)
11) What might be
some of the advantages and disadvantages of a society that feels superior to
others?
Advantages: Feeling superior might provide a unifying
sense that the society can meet any challenge, and might lessen fear.
Disadvantages: Such
feelings might blind a society to the value of advances made by other
societies.
12) What were the
things that unified the Greeks?
Common Language, Common
Religion, Common Enemies
13) What led to the
conflict between Persia and the Greeks?
Athens sent ships to
help Greek city-states in Asia Minor rebel against Persian rule – which
infuriated Darius I.
14) Why might some
Greek city-states have wanted to withdraw from the Delian League?
Though the League was
intended to continue the defense against Persia, Athens dominated the League,
even using money others contributed to rebuild its own city. Domination and taking of money provided
strong incentives for other city-states to try to withdraw.
15) What
responsibilities did citizens of Athens have?
They served in the
assembly, on juries, defended the city in war, were paid stipends to serve in
government, and could ostracize other citizens.
16) Which do you
think had more impact on the cultural prosperity of Athens: democracy or
material wealth?
Wealth stimulated
cultural achievements; others may suggest that democratic discussion stimulated
cultural greatness.
17) Why were Greeks
in conflict after winning the Persian Wars?
Many Greeks resented
the wealth and power of Athens and its dominance in the Delian League.
18) What was the
outcome of the war between Athens and Sparta?
Athens lost dominance
and democracy suffered; fighting continued among the Greeks for another
century.
19) What did
Pericles mean when he said that Athens “is an education to Greece”?
He meant that Athens
stands as a shining example for other city-states of democratic excellence
20) How did
Pericles view public life?
He believed that
participation in public debate and decision-making was essential for citizens.
Vocabulary
7) Polis
8) Acropolis
9) Citizen
10) Monarchy
11) Aristocracy –
government headed by a privileged minority or upper class
12) Oligarchy –
government in which ruling power belongs to a few people
13) Phalanx – in
ancient Greece, a massive tactical formation of heavily armed foot soldiers
14) Sparta –
city-state in ancient Greece
15) Athens – a
city-state in ancient Greece
16) Democracy –
government in which the people hold ruling power
17) Tyrant – in
ancient Greece, ruler who gained power by force
18) Legislature –
lawmaking body
very helpful, thanks
ReplyDelete