Honors World History
Assessment 1, p. 154
1) Key Terms
2) What values formed the basis of Roman
society and government?
A) Justice or fairness: creating a form of government that kept any
one person from gaining too much power, a system of checks on the power of
government, inclusion of plebeians in the republic, increasing social rights
for women, education for all classes and genders, just and generous treatment
of conquered peoples
3) Describe the cultural setting in
which Rome developed:
A) Early in its development, Rome was
influenced by Etruscan civilization, especially in language, construction and
engineering, and religion
4) Describe an example of Romans
achieving political or social equality
A) Political equality: making plebeians participants in patrician
senate, allowing some conquered people to become citizens; social equality:
given patrician women greater freedom, giving all classes and genders access to
education.
5) What were two reasons for Rome’s
success in expanding its power across Italy?
A) Skillful diplomacy and a well-trained
army
Focus Questions
1 – 9
1) In what ways was Rome’s location an
advantage?
It
was centrally located on a peninsula in the Mediterranean, which gave it an
advantage of a mild climate and access to the sea for trading
2) What other geographic advantages did Italy
possess?
Access
to the Mediterranean Sea, broad, fertile plains well suited to agriculture,
providing ample crops for population growth.
3) What was the role of the senate in the
republic and how long did senators serve?
Made
laws for the Republic; served for life
4) What checks and balances existed in this
form of government?
Term
limits on consuls and dictators; consuls responsible to Senate
5) How was the right of plebeians to elect
tribunes a check on the power of the patrician senate?
Tribunes
had the power to veto laws they felt were harmful.
6) What rights and freedoms did Roman women
gain over time?
Right
to own property, go to the public, dine out, attend public entertainment with
husbands, learn to read and write.
7) Was religion a divisive or a unifying
force in Roman society?
Unifying,
community celebrations and festivals provided a shared culture and a sense of
community.
8) What values made Roman citizens good
soldiers?
Loyalty,
courage, respect for authority
9) How did these values influence Rome’s
efforts to expand?
One
reason for its military success was its loyal, well-trained army
Vocabulary
1 – 9
1) Etruscans - people who inhabited early
Italy
2) Republic - system of government in which
officials are chosen by the people
3) Patrician - in ancient Rome, member of the
landholding upper class
4) Consul - in ancient Rome, official from
the patrician class who supervise the government and commanded the armies
(served for 1 year)
5) Dictator - ruler who has complete control
over a government; in ancient Rome, a leader appointed to rule for six months
in times of emergency; Example: Cincinnatus
6) Plebeian - in ancient Rome, member of the
lower class, including farmers, merchants, artisans, and traders
7) Tribune - in ancient Rome, official who
was elected by the plebeians to protect their interests
8) Veto - block a government action
9) Legion - basic unit of the ancient Roman
army, made up of about 5,000 soldiers
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