Honors World History
Section 3 Assessment, p. 165
1)
Key
Terms
2)
How
did advances in arts, learning, and the law show the Romans’ high regard for
cultural and political achievements?
A) Rome supported writers, artists, and
scientists, who produced many of its cultural and political achievements. The Romans found practical applications for
advances in science and mathematics, and developed comprehensive legal codes.
3)
How
did Greek culture influence the development of Roman civilizations?
A) The Romans borrowed much of their
philosophy from Greek thinkers and based their art and architecture partly on
Greek models.
4)
How
did Romans use science and mathematics to improve life in the empire?
A) Roman engineers built roads, bridges,
harbors, and aqueducts
5)
Give
two examples of how Roman principles of law affect life in the United States
today.
A) Roman principles of law that are part
of the American legal system include the presumption of innocence, provision
for the accused to face the accuser and offer a defense against the charge, the
establishment of guilt only through evidence, allowing judges to interpret
laws, and expecting judges to make fair decisions.
Honors World History
Assessment 4, p. 171
1) Key Words
2) How did Christianity emerge and then
spread to become the official religion of the Roman Empire?
A) It emerged from a sect within Judaism
based on the teachings of Jesus.
Followers helped to make it a major religion. It was declared the official religion of the
Roman Empire by the Emperor Theodosius.
3) Why were many Jews unhappy under
Roman rule even though the Romans were tolerant of their religion?
A) Many Jews were concerned that
Hellenistic influenced were weakening their religion. They wanted strict obedience to Jewish laws
and traditions. The Zealots wanted an
independent Jewish state.
4) What were three basic teachings of
Jesus?
A) Jesus believed that anyone who
believed in his teachings would obtain eternal life. He emphasized God’s love and taught the need
for justice, morality, service to others, and forgiveness.
5) What practices and organizational
structures helped establish the early Christian Church?
A) Practice: baptism, Eucharist
B) Structures: a hierarchy of church officials that included
priests, bishop, and patriarchs
Focus Questions (22-36)
22) What is
the goal of writing satire?
To make fun of or call attention to problems or
improper conduct
23) How did
the Romans show their admiration for Greek literature, philosophy, and the
arts?
They copied Greek styles in prose and poetry; adapted
Greek and Hellenistic philosophy, especially Stoicism; and to some extent,
based art and architecture on Greek models.
Like Greek sculpture, some Roman sculpture was realistic.
24) What
were the main differences between Roman and Greek sculpture and literature?
Some Roman sculpture focused on revealing an
individual’s character and some was idealistic rather than realistic. Roman architecture stressed grandeur rather
than elegance, improved on structural devices such as columns and arches, and
developed the rounded dome.
25) What
were some practical applications of Roman engineering skills?
Roads, bridges, harbors, aqueducts
26) What
original research did Greek citizens of the empire do?
Ptolemy proposed an Earth-centered theory of the
universe; Galen used experiments to prove a conclusion
27) What
was Rome’s greatest legacy and how is it reflected in the U.S. justice system?
Commitment to rule of law and justice; such concepts
as innocent until proven guilty, need for evidence to prove guilt, judicial
interpretation of laws.
28) What
were citizens of different faiths expected to do in exchange for toleration of
their religious beliefs and practices?
Show loyalty to Rome by honoring Roman gods and
acknowledging the divine spirit of the emperor
29) What
was the outcome of the Zealot revolt?
Roman forces crushed the rebels, captured Jerusalem,
and destroyed the Jewish temple. In the
next century Roman armies leveled Jerusalem and Jews were dispersed.
30) What
new beliefs attracted many followers to Jesus?
The belief that Jesus was the messiah and would bring
spiritual salvation and eternal life to those who believed in him
31) How did
Paul spread Christianity?
He traveled around the Mediterranean and set up
churches in Asia Minor and Greece; he wrote long letters to Christian
communities explaining difficult doctrines, judging disputes, and expanding
Christian teachings.
32) What
was the effect of Paul’s missionary work?
Christianity began to grow form a sect within Judaism
to an emerging world religion.
33) Why did
the Romans persecute Christians?
They suspected Christians of disloyalty to Rome.
34) How did
the unity of the empire make missionary efforts easier?
The unity of the empire and common languages made
communication of Christian beliefs easier; Roman roads facilitated missionary
travel
35) Why did
Church leaders seek a hierarchy or structure for the Church?
To ensure uniformity in beliefs, practices, and
rituals so that local priests or bishops, did not act independently, and to
provide an orderly way to make decisions and settle conflicts over doctrines or
practices
36) What
issue led to disagreement between the Church in the Latin-speaking west and the
Greek-speaking east?
Rivalry among patriarchs over whether greater power
should be given to the bishop of Rome – who came to be called the pope – or
should be divided among five patriarchs who shared spiritual authority equally
Vocabulary (19-34)
19) Satirize
- make fun of
20) Mosaic
- picture made from chips of colored stone or glass
21) Engineering
- application of science and mathematics to develop useful structures and
machines
22) Aqueduct
- in ancient Rome, underground or bridge like stone structure that carried water
from the hills into the cities
23) Ptolemy
- proposed the theory that the Earth was the center of the universe, a mistaken
idea that was accepted in the Western world for nearly 1500 years
24) Messiah
- savior sent by God
25) Apostle
- leader or teacher of a new faith or movement
26) Paul -
Jew from Asia Minor who established Christian churches in Asia Minor and put
Christianity on the road to becoming a world religion
27) Martyr
- person who suffers or dies for his or her beliefs
28) Constantine
– made Christianity legal; established new capital of Constantinople
29) Clergy
- the body of people who conduct Christian services
30) Bishop
- high-ranking Church official with authority over a local area, or diocese
31) Patriarch
- in the Roman and Byzantine empires, highest church official in a major city
32) Pope -
– head of the Roman Catholic Church; in ancient Rome, bishop of Rome who
claimed authority over all other bishops
33) Heresy
- religious belief that is contrary to the official teachings of a church
34) Augustine
- Bishop of Hippo in North Africa; combined Christian doctrine with Greco-Roman
learning, especially the philosophy of Plato
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